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Instituto Universitario de Innovación Ciencia y Tecnología Inudi Perú
Challenges of digital competence and teacher resilience in rural high Andean contexts in Peru
The digitization of education, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, has created new challenges for teaching practice, especially in rural areas where technological gaps and infrastructure limitations coexist. In this context, teachers’ digital competence and resilience are presented as dimensions linked to the quality of students’ education and the sustainability of teaching practice. Therefore, this paper reflects on these dimensions in rural high Andean contexts in Peru. It argues that teachers’ digital competence not only promotes educational innovation but also constitutes a psychosocial resource that strengthens self-confidence, adaptation to change, and teacher well-being. At the same time, it discusses how digital preparation, when articulated with the mobilization of emotional and professional resources, can contribute to scenarios marked by greater educational inequality in rural territories. The final reflection proposes an integrative perspective that links technology, resilience, and teacher professional development as resources for addressing contemporary educational challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Willy Cutipa, Yesenia Yanapa (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rijchariy: The political participation of young people in Lampa from a sociological perspective
Politics, in short, comprises strategic actions for decision-making based on the development of a territory; however, the role of youth in political spaces is minimal. The objective is to understand and analyze youth participation from a sociological perspective in the city of Lampa. The methodological paradigm used is mixed, based on the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative research; the techniques and instruments correspond to these approaches. The population consists of youth leaders, while the sample or key informants are young people from the city of Lampa, who were designated as key informants. The findings reveal three essential themes: the extremely limited party participation, since only 7.14% hold a position within a party, which shows that young people must awaken (Rijchariy) to break these patterns of domination; disaffection toward ideological positions lacking identity, as 35.71% opt for the Andean-Amazonian position, hence the challenge of reclaiming decolonial positions rooted in the principles of Sumaq Qawsay; and the fragility of democracy, since political institutions are not truly institutions and only 7.14% trust political parties or movements, meaning that they are neither representative nor reliable due to the fragmentation of economic elites, where democracy shifts toward plutocracy. Therefore, it is necessary for young people to awaken (Rijchariy) and remain awake in order to become agents of change.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Añasco-Huariccallo (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social responsibility in the teaching of ethics: Contributions to community coexistence and social well-being
Ethics guides human beings to act correctly through the use of reason and allows them to choose the principles that guide their behavior, with their own criteria and judgment. Therefore, we must think carefully about our actions and reflect on their repercussions. The objective of this essay was to carry out a theoretical-reflective analysis, based on a narrative review of social responsibility in the teaching of ethics, taking into account the family, society, educational institutions, and the State. It highlights the importance of understanding the ethical principles and moral values that guide human behavior in order to learn how to live in society. It is evident that the participation of society as a whole is crucial in ethical and moral education, considering that each environment provides experiences that influence and determine human behavior. The family consolidates the foundations of moral education from early childhood, teaching mutual respect and collective responsibility; society fosters shared awareness and respect for culture, beliefs, and traditions; educational institutions must commit to specialized courses for the development of critical thinking and social awareness; and the State has the responsibility to enforce the law and guarantee justice and equity, acting with honesty. Therefore, collaborative, continuous, and sustained work is necessary to fulfill the social responsibility of teaching ethics, contributing to community coexistence and social well-being.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edna Pardo-Prieto (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Epistemological status of hermeneutics: from message to digitality
Hermeneutics, in its conceptual development, has raised a series of meanings that have transcended the core of its original theme: the message. The concept has evolved from its initial meaning based on transmitting the message and contextualized within digitality in postmodernity. For this reason, the epistemological status of hermeneutics is presented: from the message to digitality as modes or perspectives through which this knowledge proceeds. The essay's main objective is to understand the epistemological status of hermeneutics from the perspectives of knowledge. In this sense, authors such as Schleiermacher (1768-1834), Dilthey (1833-1911), Heidegger (1899-1976), Gadamer (1900-2002), and Ricoeur (1913-2005), among others, are discussed. These authors address hermeneutical themes throughout history and their epistemological contributions, from its initial conception as the transmission of messages from the gods to the digital age, that is, the understanding of being in relation to technology. Specifically, in this study of hermeneutics and its epistemological status, a three-phase documentary research methodology was employed: review of bibliographic documents; selection of works; and hermeneutical analysis of the bibliographic works. In conclusion, the epistemological status reveals the scientific contributions of various authors at each historical moment, from the Greeks to the present day. That is to say, each stage has always yielded a contribution to the field of hermeneutics: mythological knowledge, conservative knowledge, scientific knowledge, romantic knowledge, ontological knowledge, dialectical knowledge, and digital knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Velásquez, Rafael González León (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technical rationality in the prioritization of university research projects: a critical analysis
This study presents a critical analysis of technical rationality in the prioritization of research projects. It followed a qualitative approach under the socio-critical paradigm, with a descriptive design, and was conducted at two Ecuadorian universities. The methodological strategies included qualitative synthesis through document review and interviews based on an expert-validated protocol. Data were processed through qualitative systematization and content analysis. The results indicate that the selection of research projects is guided by metric, quantifiable criteria and strategic agendas that favor fields capable of producing measurable outputs, while leaving aside the social sciences and humanities. This makes it possible to determine that discourses of technical neutrality conceal institutional power relations. It is concluded that this model weakens the social function of the university and prioritizes measurable outcomes over ethical and critical reflection. The study proposes moving toward prioritization models that integrate comprehensive management with social dimensions of equity and cognitive justice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Graciela Sosa-Bueno, Flor Celi-Carrión (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Access to the right to health among families experiencing internal forced displacement: a community intervention from Social Work in Mazatlán, Sinaloa
Internal forced displacement in Mexico has generated conditions of social exclusion that limit access to health services. In southern Sinaloa, displaced families face structural, administrative, territorial, and digital barriers that hinder their connection to the health system. The objective of this study was to analyze a community intervention experience developed in the CVIVE Housing Complex, aimed at strengthening access to health services among families experiencing internal forced displacement. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach through a case study involving 40 families residing in the housing complex. Semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and a sociodemographic form for descriptive purposes were used. The intervention included informational workshops, personalized counseling, and support in the affiliation processes to the IMSS-Bienestar program. The results show progress in initial access to health services: whereas at the beginning only 8% of the families had affiliation, by the end of the intervention 82% had managed to start or complete their registration. Likewise, knowledge about the procedures increased from 2% to 85%. However, barriers related to territorial mobility, the digital divide, and transportation costs persisted, limiting the effective use of services. It is concluded that the community intervention contributes to improving access conditions and strengthening collective capacities; however, the effective exercise of the right to health remains conditioned by structural factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gandhi Peralta Corona, Nidia Brun Corona, Silvia Maciel Soto, Claudia López Zambrano (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Targeting as a social experience: perceptions and legitimacy in the Household Targeting System in Puno
This study analyzes social perceptions surrounding the Household Targeting System (SISFOH) in the social programs of the district of Puno, based on the interaction experiences of beneficiaries and local officials. The research adopts a qualitative, interpretive approach aimed at understanding how these actors assess the functioning of the targeting system in their everyday relationship with the State. To this end, twelve focus groups were conducted: two with officials responsible for social programs and ten with beneficiaries of the programs Pensión 65, Vaso de Leche, Community Kitchens, Comprehensive Health Insurance, and Beca 18. The thematic analysis was structured around four dimensions: knowledge, opinions, attitudes, and expectations regarding SISFOH. The results reveal a fragmented understanding of the system among beneficiaries, based on experiences of inclusion and exclusion, while officials show procedural knowledge accompanied by operational limitations. Critical views were identified regarding the fairness and transparency of the registration process. In terms of attitudes, beneficiaries express persistence in seeking state support along with emotional strain, while officials adopt a cautious stance regarding the system’s effectiveness. With respect to expectations, both groups call for improvements aimed at a more transparent system, better adaptation to local realities, and greater operational coherence. It is concluded that tensions exist between the technical criteria of selective targeting and social experience, linked to perceptions of justice, legitimacy, and recognition in the relationship between the State and citizens.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudia Villegas, Liliana Zea (Autor) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The right in Latin America as epiphenomena of a structural crisis
The interview with Hernán Ramírez examines the recent rise of right-wing movements in Latin America as an expression of a structural crisis affecting economic, social, and political dimensions. Throughout the dialogue, it is argued that this phenomenon is not new but rather a reactivation of dynamics linked to neoliberalism, the weakening of the state, and the limitations of the left in representing broad social sectors. It also explores the role of neoliberal subjectivities, cultural transformations, and the influence of social media in shaping new political rationalities. The discussion highlights how contemporary right-wing movements channel social discontent through effective discourses supported by transnational networks and ideological capital. Finally, it suggests that this context reflects a broader crisis of modernity and the erosion of traditional forms of political organization, opening the possibility for new configurations in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Acuña Villavicencio (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Indefinite presidential re-election and the erosion of constitutionalism in Latin America: a critical reflection
Indefinite presidential reelection has become one of the main drivers of the erosion of constitutionalism in Latin America, by allowing the executive branch to use formal legal mechanisms to weaken democratic alternation and subordinate systems of checks and balances. As a study objective, the focus was on the dynamics of democratic regression in Latin America, concentrating on the role of constitutional courts and tribunals (CCs) regarding reforms that allow indefinite presidential reelection. This phenomenon was studied through the jurisprudential analysis of key constitutional rulings, which made it possible to identify common patterns of judicial interpretation aimed at legitimizing the concentration of power. Through a comparative study of rulings and omissions in Nicaragua, Honduras, Bolivia, El Salvador, Venezuela, and Ecuador, it was evaluated how the judicialization of politics becomes a mechanism of constitutional authoritarianism, allowing the concentration of executive power. Empirically, the comparative analysis made it possible to identify common patterns of legalized authoritarianism that studies focused on a single country tend to perceive as exceptional or contextual, showing that, despite ideological differences and historical trajectories, executives resort to almost identical legal repertoires to perpetuate themselves in power. It is concluded that the instrumentalization of the doctrine of political rights (Art. 23 ACHR) to invalidate entrenched clauses is the legal vehicle for this regression.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aura Mayorga Salguero, Richard Almonacid Zamudio, Félix Paguay Chávez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“Vemos, pero no juzgamos”: La actividad de las actrices sociales en Madre de Dios
Este artículo busca comprender la percepción que tienen los pobladores sobre el rol de las actrices sociales en Madre de Dios durante el año 2025, dado que es una realidad compleja que va más allá de los prejuicios morales o las cifras oficiales. La metodología originaria es cualitativa, quien acompañado del diseño fenomenológico abordó testimonios y miradas diversas que revelan una convivencia cotidiana en esa práctica marcada por la necesidad económica, el estigma social, la falta de oportunidades y la indiferencia del Estado. Los resultados señalan que en cada rincón de la región, mujeres, hombres y personas recurren a la prostitución como una forma de subsistencia, enfrentando la doble carga de la marginación y el juicio público. Se concluye que, esa realidad pone en evidencia la urgencia de abrir un diálogo honesto, empático y sin tabúes; dado que, a pesar de la exclusión y el silencio social, quienes ejercen el trabajo sexual muestran valentía, resistencia y humanidad en una sociedad que muchas veces prefiere mirar hacia otro lado.
Copyright (c) 2026 Magrag Dayang Vizcarra Liza, Karen Lucero Aslla Huaycochea, Adderly Castro Villena, Karla Reyna Chalco Luque (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mapping intercultural sensitivity profiles among students of teacher training schools and pedagogical institutes in Peru and Mexico
The growing cultural diversity of Latin American educational systems poses significant challenges for teacher education, particularly in the development of socio-affective dispositions that foster equitable pedagogical interactions in culturally diverse contexts. In this scenario, intercultural sensitivity constitutes a key component of professional teaching performance. The general objective of the study was to identify and characterize intercultural sensitivity profiles among students from teacher training schools and pedagogical institutes in Peru and Mexico, by describing their global and dimensional levels, identifying homogeneous profiles through cluster analysis, comparing their distribution between both countries, and examining their relationship with sociodemographic variables linked to training trajectories and intercultural experience. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive-comparative study was conducted with a sample of 340 students (Peru: 207; Mexico: 133) from different cycles, levels, and specializations of teacher education. A 24-item intercultural sensitivity scale was applied, and descriptive statistics, k-means cluster analysis, and association tests were used.The results showed predominantly medium and high levels of intercultural sensitivity and identified three profiles: a balanced moderate–high profile (57.1%), a high profile with emotional and cognitive tensions (40.0%), and a very low profile (2.9%). No significant differences were found by country (χ²(2)=2.56; p=0.278), although associations with sociodemographic variables were observed, particularly sex (p=0.017). It is concluded that both countries share a similar typological structure, supporting the need for differentiated training strategies throughout teacher education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Angélica Sánchez-Castro, Josefina Moreno-Aguirre, Adda Cámara-Huchín, Ciria Trigos-Rondon, Jessica Pisco-Tello (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Por las malas o por las buenas. El planteamiento estratégico británico para la independencia de América del Sur
Durante el período de confrontaciones contra la Francia napoleónica, Gran Bretaña implementó una política para erosionar el control español en América del Sur, buscando mercados para su industria en expansión. El análisis revela una transición de planes militares unilaterales a colaboraciones bilaterales con insurgentes locales, influida por fracasos operativos y cambios geopolíticos. Se examinan las estrategias de Lord Castlereagh y George Canning, destacando el comercio, la diplomacia encubierta, el monarquismo constitucional, las redes masónicas y la influencia cultural británica a través de la prensa. Esta dinámica facilitó la independencia y posicionó a Gran Bretaña como potencia económica dominante, moldeando las relaciones hemisféricas en el siglo XIX mediante un imperio informal caracterizado por tratados desiguales y dependencia financiera.
Copyright (c) 2026 Héctor Palza Becerra (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technical rationality as an instrument of power: an essay on the project prioritization model in the Guatemalan state
Guatemala has a regulatory framework and technical guidelines for the formulation and evaluation of projects, but not for the identification and prioritization of projects, resulting in a critical gap between institutional design and practical political implementation. The objective of this work was to analyze the process of prioritizing public investment projects in Guatemala through a documentary review of regulations and investment methodology documentation. It was found that the technique does not operate as a mechanism of public rationality, turning the project planning process solely into a political tool, lacking scientific rigor, and being displaced by particular interests. When autonomous decline is found in the technique, its strategic value is lost, and it becomes part of the bureaucratic pretext that conceals clientelism and lack of transparency in resource management. Strong discretion is noted as the main driver that deepens territorial inequalities, since project prioritization does not respond to criteria of social reality or equity, but rather to political profitability, favoring urban areas over rural ones, causing structural exclusion of the most vulnerable communities, where public investment, instead of reducing gaps, widens them, eroding citizen trust. It is highlighted that to reverse this phenomenon, a transformation toward a process-based management model is proposed, one that professionalizes public service, for the construction of democratic governance where technique regains its redistributive and social justice function.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abel Nolasco-Sandoval (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Legal entropy and power: a critical epistemological reading of legal uncertainty
This essay examines legal entropy as an analytical concept for understanding legal uncertainty and its connection to power relations in the Bolivian context, using the case of presidential reelection as an illustration. The objective is to demonstrate that legal uncertainty stems not only from problems in the application of the law but also from power strategies. A qualitative documentary approach was used, epistemologically adopting critical legal theory and methodologically leaning towards Foucault's genealogical approach. It argues that legal entropy operates as a power mechanism, producing differentiated effects: certainty for hegemonic sectors and uncertainty for those dispossessed of power. The essay concludes that law is a flexible and open order, used to consolidate power relations under the guise of constitutionality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pablo Huiza (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cultural contingencies and ideological practices in the postmodern intellectual: an interpretive essay
This essay discusses the relevance of employing behavioral analysis categories developed in recent years to examine cultural phenomena. The chosen object of interpretive analysis is the behavior of the postmodern intellectual. To this end, the definitions of categories under the heading of cultural contingencies (interlocking contingencies, metacontingencies, culturants, macrocontingencies, and cultural cusps) are first reviewed, followed by an appraisal of the modern and postmodern contexts regarding their types of intellectuality. As an illustration, a specific development of postmodern thought—queer ideology—is selected to be subjected to cultural behavioral analysis based on the proposed categories. It is concluded that these categories make it possible to characterize the main guidelines of any socio-behavioral episode, as they specify the antecedents (discriminative stimuli) and consequences that situate it concretely. In the analyzed case, discourses that delegitimize modernity as an authentic discourse and establish criticism and self-criticism as defining factors of any thought process provide the discriminative stimuli for the emergence of postmodern theses, which are then consolidated by their reception among consumers.
Copyright (c) 2025 William Montgomery Urday (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cyber War Crimes: Challenges for the International Criminal Court
This essay aims to analyze cyber war crimes as a challenge for the International Criminal Court. To this end, it reflects on cyberattacks directed against critical infrastructures and examines whether this type of conduct can be understood within the war crimes typified in the Rome Statute. The work is developed from a documentary approach, using scientific articles and research that allow for the interpretation and presentation of relevant information on the subject addressed. It is argued that cyber war crimes currently represent a challenge for the International Criminal Court, insofar as these conflicts take place in a complex environment such as cyberspace, which hinders the identification and individualization of those responsible, as well as the collection of evidentiary means to establish their criminal responsibility. Nevertheless, this does not preclude the possibility for the International Criminal Court to rely on the support of technology companies to obtain technical tools that facilitate the investigation, prosecution, and capture of those responsible for this type of crime.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Márquez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) as a pedagogical strategy in higher education
Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is a natural language model that imitates patterns learned from datasets to create content such as text, images, music, or videos. Its educational use makes it possible to design pedagogical strategies aimed at critical thinking, creativity, and problem solving to support students in their learning processes. The aim of this study was to identify learning experiences related to the use of GAI as a pedagogical strategy. A non-experimental research design with a quantitative approach was used, with a non-probabilistic sample of higher-education teachers who teach learning units. The results show that 51% use GAI–ChatGPT to design pedagogical strategies, 64% to optimize their classroom functions, and 60% to improve learning experiences. Regarding the completion of school tasks, 53% of the teaching staff consider that GAI enriches course content, contributes to information searching, and streamlines the development of activities. It is concluded that learning experiences in the use of GAI are still limited, which calls for reflective processes on the role of teachers, as well as on the use of technological tools and teaching–learning methodologies in students’ education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cruz Lozano-Ramirez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of parent committees in public primary schools in Oaxaca, Mexico
This article examines the prominent role played by Parent Committees in public primary schools in the City of Oaxaca. These organizations collectively represent families before school authorities, mobilize resources, and carry out maintenance and improvement activities for educational infrastructure; therefore, the study analyzes how these committees are organized, the tasks they perform, and the perceptions their members hold regarding their own functioning. Oaxaca is a state in southern Mexico characterized by a strong Indigenous presence and community-based practices, which led to an exploration of how this context influenced committee dynamics. The research employed a qualitative approach: semi-structured interviews were conducted, secondary data were collected, purposive sampling was applied, and Atlas.ti software was used for the systematization and categorization of information. One of the main findings reveals a tension between legislation and the actual conditions under which the committees operate, and one of the central conclusions is that their prominent role stems from the State’s abandonment of its responsibilities as guarantor of public education; thus, the article offers an empirical contribution by demonstrating the complexity of collective family involvement through these committees.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mariano Casco (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A jornada infindável: experiências de uma mãe trabalhadora no setor de manufatura em Mazatlán
This article presents the case of a female worker in the manufacturing sector in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, analyzed from a feminist perspective. The study shows how her employment in this industrial sector is combined with paid domestic work and caregiving tasks within the household, resulting in a double and even triple workday. This workload directly affects her health, nutrition, and access to rest and leisure time. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, based on in-depth interviews and field observations, which allowed for a detailed description of the participant’s daily life. The findings reveal that labor precariousness and the invisibilization of care work are not exclusive to specific sectors such as textile or fishing maquiladoras, but also extend to the manufacturing industry. It is concluded that the recognition and redistribution of care work are essential conditions for advancing toward substantive gender equality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gandhi Peralta, Florina Olivarría (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“Un puente entre dos mundos”: La inserción de Dios y el ateísmo en las familias de Tambopata, Perú
Todo ser humano durante el transcurso de su vida se ha cuestionado constantemente si existe o no un ser divino, siendo este el tema de varias interrogantes entre muchas interpretaciones de la filosofía religiosa. En este artículo se explora los argumentos sobre la teología y el ateísmo mediante la interpretación de creer o no, analizando las razones que impulsan a creer y a las que llevan a dudar de Dios. A través de un estudio cualitativo, se comprende de forma racional y coherente la naturaleza del significado entre la fe y la lógica. Así mismo, se evidencia ideas principales que han marcado a la humanidad desde el pasado hasta el presente. Finalmente, la creencia sobre la existencia de Dios no es algo que cada uno deba seguir por presión social, sino que es una representación simbólica, espiritual e individual que da forma a la identidad cultural y a la justificación de la existencia crucial de todo ser humano, en especial al apoyarse en un concepto creyente.
Copyright (c) 2025 Angely Luana Diaz-Tairo (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Violation of Venezuela’s international protection duties toward indigenous peoples through their forced recruitment by paramilitary groups
The intrusion of foreign paramilitary groups into Venezuelan territory has generated the phenomenon known as the forced recruitment of individuals, through which persons are incorporated into the context of armed activities. Among the vulnerable groups affected by the forced recruitment carried out by irregular armed organizations, the Indigenous population stands out. For this reason, the general objective of this article is to understand the extent of the violation of Venezuela’s international protection duties toward its Indigenous peoples in the face of their forced recruitment by paramilitary groups within the country. Accordingly, a documentary research was conducted using a qualitative approach, with the aim of understanding the selected phenomenon. The findings confirm that the forced recruitment of Indigenous individuals occurs for various reasons, including explicit violence and structural violence. It is concluded that the Venezuelan State has the duty to adopt appropriate measures to reverse this situation and to demonstrate compliance with its international legal obligations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ángel Prince (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sistematización estructurada y estandarizada de la terminología metodológica en la investigación jurídica
Legal research lacks standardized methodological terminology, which generates conceptual ambiguity and hinders the coherence and replicability of studies. This essay argues that the absence of a unified terminological framework affects the accuracy and validity of legal research. It proposes the creation of a systematization matrix to organize methodological terms and differentiate approaches specific to law from those of other disciplines, arguing that the lack of clarity in terminology has led to the erroneous application of methodologies unrelated to law, which reduces the quality of research. It also emphasizes that clear terminology would strengthen academic communication, facilitate the structuring of knowledge, and ensure greater precision in the analysis of legal phenomena. In conclusion, the systematization of methodological terminology is essential to consolidate legal research as a rigorous scientific discipline. The implementation of a standardization matrix would overcome conceptual and methodological inconsistencies, promoting more structured and precise studies. Furthermore, the importance of constantly updating this systematization to respond to the evolution of law and its interactions with other disciplines is emphasized.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Pérez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sex education from a bioethical perspective in the Dominican curriculum
Sex education is an essential component for the integral development of adolescents, as it provides them with tools to make informed decisions about their sexual and reproductive health. In the Dominican Republic, this subject is not taught as a structured course, which creates significant gaps in student training. This study assesses the feasibility of including sex education as a core subject at the secondary level, adopting a personalist bioethical approach that prioritizes human dignity and integral development. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional descriptive design was used, targeting district directors from Regional 11 of Puerto Plata. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires validated by experts, and descriptive statistical analysis was applied. The results showed high acceptance: 80% of respondents were fully in favor of including the subject. Priority content identified included affective and family planning, bioethical dilemmas, sexuality in the postmodern context, and interpersonal communication skills. These findings confirm the relevance of sex education that addresses biological, ethical, and social aspects, fostering competencies for a responsible and ethical life. In conclusion, the incorporation of this subject into the secondary-level curriculum is a necessity supported by the educational stakeholders consulted. The personalist bioethical approach offers a balanced education that integrates scientific, ethical, and social dimensions. It is recommended to implement pilot programs that adapt the content to the realities of the Dominican context, thus ensuring educational effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andri Jesús Binet-Álvarez, Jesús Antonio Andújar-Avilés, Wanda Marina Román-Santana (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interpretive framework for the analysis and transformation of power structures and inequalities in bilingualism policies in Colombia
Na Colômbia, as políticas de bilinguismo têm promovido o aprendizado do inglês como uma ferramenta que facilita o acesso a novas oportunidades para os cidadãos, fortalecendo assim a presença do país em um mundo cada vez mais interconectado. No entanto, essas iniciativas têm gerado debates sobre o impacto que exercem na diversidade linguística e cultural da nação. Este estudo analisa como tais políticas, centradas no inglês, afetam a diversidade e contribuem para a marginalização das línguas locais e a exclusão de vozes minoritárias. A análise fundamenta-se em um referencial teórico que incorpora o conceito de poder simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu; as perspectivas de legitimidade política de Jürgen Habermas e John Rawls; e a pedagogia crítica de Paulo Freire, Henry Giroux e Peter McLaren. Os resultados evidenciam como essas políticas reforçam e perpetuam desigualdades sociais e culturais ao marginalizar línguas locais e excluir vozes minoritárias. Conclui-se que é imperativo reestruturar essas políticas em direção a um modelo participativo que respeite a diversidade linguística, promova a equidade e transforme o bilinguismo em uma ferramenta de justiça social e cultural, para além da competitividade global.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jaime Viana, Carola Gómez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sowing and harvesting water: towards a conceptual approach
The implementation of water harvesting and irrigation techniques represents a viable solution to the dual challenges of the water crisis and food insecurity. These techniques integrate local knowledge with ancestral technologies based on natural water recharge infrastructure. Nevertheless, the excessive use of the term has resulted in its original meaning being obscured, leading to confusion with conventional hydraulic technologies. In this context, the present manuscript examines and discusses a conceptual approach to the aforementioned category. The methodology entailed a review of documents retrieved from various search engines, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, and others. The results indicate that the practice of water planting and harvesting is known by different names in different territories, reflecting the diverse adaptations and developments of this technology. In conceptualizing this practice, it is primarily associated with natural infrastructures. However, some authors differentiate between planting and harvesting water as distinct actions. Despite these nuances, it can be concluded that planting and harvesting water is a practice rooted in traditional ecological knowledge, transmitted, inherited, and reproduced in the territories of indigenous peoples and peasants.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dante Quispe-Martínez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Approaches to the design of a municipal public policy evaluation model from feminism and gender
The public policy agenda is practically non-existent in local governments, since the majority of municipalities in Mexico are dedicated to solving recurring problems and carrying out visible actions in their administration, so the evaluation of public policies is complex due to the interests and the few years that the municipal governments have; However, there are local administrations that have been able to consolidate a comprehensive public policy agenda that even integrates approaches such as feminism, gender, and human rights. The objective of this article is to present a model for evaluating municipal public policies that has a feminist and gender perspective, in order to encourage and demonstrate that the evaluation of programs and policies in this order of government can be beneficial for the communities. administrations and the population in general.
Copyright (c) 2024 Brenda Ramírez, Azul Castelli (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Water Huachicoleo in Ecatepec: Subaltern Resistance and the Challenge to Water Clientelism
This study aimed to analyze water theft in Ecatepec as a form of resistance to clientelist control of the resource in a context of water scarcity and precariousness. Qualitative research was carried out that included semi-structured interviews with residents, community leaders and workers related to informal distribution, in addition to participant observations in key neighborhoods. To complement and update the information, a newspaper review of news articles was conducted. The results showed that the illegal extraction and sale of water were not limited to isolated criminal actions, but functioned as expressions of subaltern appropriation in the face of institutional and clientelist networks that restricted access to the liquid. At the same time, it was observed that these practices generated internal tensions and reproduced new inequalities within the communities. These findings showed the need to rethink water governance from citizen participation and transparency in management, since criminalization without addressing structural causes reinforced exclusion. It was concluded that the incorporation of collective solutions and the recognition of subaltern dynamics were fundamental elements to achieve a more equitable distribution of water.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hugo Hernández, Oscar Reyes (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
¿Qué entiendo por feminismo en el colegio? Reflexiones sobre el feminismo radical y comunitario
En los últimos años la sociedad en general ha puesto en cuestionamiento a los feminismos radicales, pues su forma de pensar e idealizar las situaciones en la sociedad denigran y afectan al género contrario e incluso a las mismas que no están de acuerdo con la forma de pensar de otras mujeres que no pertenecen al movimiento. El objetivo del estudio es reflexionar y comprender sobre el feminismo radical y comunitario desde la condición de estudiante escolar. La metodología presentó el enfoque cualitativo histórico y el método hermenéutico bajo el manejo del diagrama PRISMA que pone en juego una serie de argumentos de las principales feministas comunitarias en América Latina. Los resultados reflexionan con profundidad las contradicciones del feminismo actual y la búsqueda de un feminismo comunitario que respeta la dignidad humana y el resguardo de la libertad del hombre y la mujer. En conclusión, el feminismo actual de tendencia radical es un salto al vacío, dado que, para llegar a la igualdad de ambos géneros, se debe apostar por un feminismo que utilice la razón y fomente la justicia y la democracia en todos los espacios de la civilización.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kassandra Soto-Machaca (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Criminal proceedings, justice and social rehabilitation: a vision of the Ecuadorian reality
Objective: identify the main elements that comprise criminal justice processes and conduct an analysis of the country’s social rehabilitation system. Method: a review methodology was applied, using the PRISMA method as a structural basis. The following databases were utilized: SCIELO, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PsycINFO, Psycnet, and Dialnet. The search criteria were based on the keywords “justice,” “criminal sanction processes,” and “social rehabilitation.” Results: the elements that comprise criminal processes include instruction, preparation, and trial. Regarding Ecuador’s judicial system, it is structured as a system of legal pluralism, grounded in military and indigenous justice and featuring an intercultural perspective. Conclusions: there is significant corruption within Ecuadorian justice that has persisted for years, reflecting the same reality across Latin America. Regarding prisons, there is no true rehabilitation and social reintegration process; rather, Ecuadorian prisons are characterized by the deterioration of their system.
Copyright (c) 2024 Duvi Lascano-Núñez, Edwin Sánchez-Prieto, Leonardo Tarqui-Silva (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Paradigm clash: Theory of Evolution versus Intelligent Design Theory
This manuscript is a synthetic outline of Darwinian evolutionary theory and the theory of intelligent design, specifically regarding the clash of scientific paradigms it represents. We are well aware that this is a widely discussed topic. However, we maintain that debates on the subject have not yet concluded. Thus, the essay aims to critically uncover the misconceptions or errors of the theory of evolution and, likewise, highlight the main arguments of the intelligent design theory. The subject is explained from a philosophical, theological, and scientific perspective to elucidate the paradigm clash, which is the central proposal of the essay. It involves creating a philosophy of biology, that is, analyzing biological, genetic, and chemical ideas and concepts about life from their complexity. We conclude that, as a consequence of this paradigm clash, the theory of evolution is in crisis due to the siege, questioning, and problematization presented by the intelligent design theory. While it is true that this stance is not accepted by the scientific community as such, there is still an academic remnant that proposes and defends it, especially on the philosophical level.
Copyright (c) 2024 Luis Lazo López (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0