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Instituto Universitario de Innovación Ciencia y Tecnología Inudi Perú
La Revista Estudios Psicológicos del Instituto Universitario de Innovación Ciencia y Tecnología Inudi Perú está sobre una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0. Lo que permite que los archivos sean de libre acceso y distribuidos libremente. LOS AUTORES RETIENEN SUS DERECHOS: Los autores retienen sus derechos de marca y patente, y tambien sobre cualquier proceso o procedimiento descrito en el artículo. Los autores retienen el derecho de compartir, copiar, distribuir, ejecutar y comunicar públicamente el artículo publicado en la Revista Estudios Psicológicos (por ejemplo, colocarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial. Los autores retienen el derecho a hacer una posterior publicación de su trabajo, de utilizar el artículo o cualquier parte de aquel (por ejemplo: una compilación de sus trabajos, notas para conferencias, tesis, o para un libro), siempre que indiquen la fuente de publicación (autores del trabajo, revista, volumen, número y fecha).
Old Content validation of the Kintsugi Family Resignification Model
In the context of judicial and family processes arising from high-conflict divorces involving parental manipulation, there is an urgent need to develop intervention models that go beyond a punitive approach and promote the restoration of relationships. In this regard, the master’s thesis “Beyond conflict: transforming divorce with parental manipulation through the systemic approach and restorative practices” by Ochoa Valdivia (2025) enables this letter to report the content validation of the Kintsugi Model of Family Resignification as an integrative proposal linking systemic therapy and restorative justice, by offering a theoretical–methodological framework that addresses the emotional, relational, and ethical dimensions of family conflict.
Copyright (c) 2026 Miriam Ochoa Valdívia, Lucía Pérez Sánchez, Sandra González Castillo (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Animal-assisted therapy as a psychological–therapeutic intervention resource for psycho-emotional disorders and addictions: a systematic review
Animals constitute valuable psycho-emotional and therapeutic support for humans across a range of conditions, given the close psycho-affective bond between humans and animals throughout history; hence the relevance of this topic. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) as a psychological–therapeutic intervention resource for psycho-emotional disorders and addictions. Methodologically, this study is a systematic review (with a narrative synthesis of findings), reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Peer-reviewed scientific articles were considered; within the time frame, publications from 2002 to 2025 were included. Keywords in Spanish and English were: “animal-assisted therapy,” “therapy dogs,” “equine-assisted therapy,” “substance use,” “addictions,” “depression,” “grief,” “anxiety,” and “autism.” Searches were conducted in Google Schoolar, Psycnet, EBSCO, Dialnet, Scopus, and ERIC, yielding 12 studies after screening using the PRISMA flow diagram. Overall, the reviewed literature reports that AAT is a potentially effective psychotherapeutic resource for psycho-emotional problems and addictions, depending on the severity of the condition and the psychodiagnostic assessment. In conclusion, diagnostic assessment must be precise to access this resource. Ethical and bioethical parameters must be observed, given the rights involved and the need for absolute respect for animal life and welfare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marco Sánchez-Salinas, Cindy Cuenca-Sánchez, María Torres-Pozo, Leonardo Tarqui-Silva (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experiences of the mother–child bond on/related to anxiety and depression in a group of Colombian adolescents of legal age
In recent years, an increase in anxiety and depression diagnoses among adolescents has been observed, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, making mental health a priority issue. These disorders are among the most common in this population and may be related to family dynamics. In this context, this study aimed to understand experiences of the mother–child bond regarding anxiety and depression in a group of Colombian adolescents of legal age. A qualitative study using a phenomenological–hermeneutic method was conducted through semi-structured interviews with five adolescents aged 18 to 20 and three mothers. Selection criteria included having a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression for at least three years since diagnosis, having completed high school, currently studying or working, and maintaining a relationship with parents or caregivers. This approach allowed the exploration of the subjective and relational experience of emotional distress. The results showed diversity in family experiences: some adolescents highlighted support, closeness, and emotional validation, while others reported distance, absence, or judgment. Differences were also identified in coping strategies, which ranged from self-regulation resources to less effective practices such as avoidance or self-invalidation. In conclusion, the narratives help to understand the relationship between family dynamics, emotional suffering, and help-seeking. In this context, mothers emerge as central figures of emotional support, and family crises foster processes of re-signification in relationships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juan Piedrahita, Andrea Zuluaga, Jaime Restrepo (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The dark personality of Peruvian mothers: comparisons according to sociodemographic variables
The role of a mother involves a series of functions, responsibilities, and demands to be fulfilled, for which healthy behavioral patterns are required. Conversely, there is the dark triad of personality, composed of the components of psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. The present study aimed to compare the personality traits of the dark triad among mothers in Metropolitan Lima and Callao according to their age, marital status, number of children, educational status of the children, and type of school management. The research approach was quantitative, with a non-experimental design and a comparative focus. The Dirty Dozen Dark Triad (DDDT) Scale was applied, and it was found that mothers with a single child scored higher in narcissism traits, while those with children enrolled in private schools presented higher scores in Machiavellianism traits. In conclusion, the results suggest adopting a prevention-oriented approach by psychologists, taking into account each context and the significant differences found in the study, as well as extending research on the dark triad in non-clinical populations, along with other sociodemographic variables and well-being factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jose Celio-Pillaca, Sandra Ruiz (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Old age and dementia in Chile: a reading of public policies from the cultural biology of Humberto Maturana and Ximena Dávila
Population aging and the prevalence of dementia pose urgent challenges in Chile, calling for a deep review and analysis of their cultural foundations. The aim of this essay is to analyze the reality of old age and dementia in Chile through a critical review of the regulatory framework and the cultural bases that, from our perspective, sustain it. The work is developed as a theoretical-documentary study based on Chilean legislation and public policies (2017–2025), which are interpreted through the cultural biology of Humberto Maturana and Ximena Dávila. This reading suggests that current strategies maintain a predominantly biomedical and welfare-oriented approach, characterized by operational fragmentation and limited integration of relational care. This analysis reveals a patriarchal culture that perpetuates deficit-based biases and ageism, marginalizing what is deemed non-productive. It concludes that a transition is needed toward a culture of collaboration grounded in the biology of love and a generational approach that promotes healthy environments, ensuring the validation of older persons as legitimate beings in coexistence.
Copyright (c) 2026 María Díaz Orengo, Juan Romero Romero, Alicia Puente Martínez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Peer attachment and its relationship with the perception of sexism in adolescents
Peer attachment patterns in the school environment may be related to how adolescents perceive sexism, understood as the identification of gender beliefs that reinforce inequalities and stereotypes. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between peer attachment styles and the perception of sexism in adolescents. For data collection, validated Likert-type scales were used to measure the dimensions of trust, communication, and alienation (attachment), as well as the hostile and benevolent components of sexism. Due to the absence of a normal distribution in the data, non-parametric analyses were applied. The results revealed a negative, moderate, and significant correlation between both variables: a higher level of peer attachment is associated with a lower perception of sexism. Specifically, the communication and alienation dimensions showed the strongest links with sexist attitudes, while trust presented a weaker but equally significant relationship. In conclusion, strengthening affective and communicative bonds among peers is associated with more critical and less stereotyped gender perceptions, suggesting that attachment quality is a key factor in promoting more equitable social interactions during adolescence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azucena Prado-Espinoza, Jesus Chavez-Parillo, Rosario Castelo-Collado, Ruth Soto-Yana, Juan Coaquira-Mamani, Magnolia Sierra-Delgado (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Construction of an instrument to assess social adaptation in adolescents, Piura
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue desarrollar y obtener evidencias psicométricas de la Escala de Adaptación Social para Adolescentes (EASA) en estudiantes de educación secundaria de la ciudad de Piura, 2025. El estudio se enmarcó dentro de un enfoque aplicado, con una línea de investigación psicométrica, siguiendo un enfoque cuantitativo, un diseño instrumental y un carácter tecnológico. En cuanto a los resultados, el análisis de validez de contenido reveló coeficientes de entre 0.95 y 1.00 para los ítems, valores considerados óptimos. Del total de 24 ítems iniciales, se depuraron 15, obteniéndose una versión final de 9 ítems distribuidos en dos factores, con una varianza total explicada del 46.7%, un KMO = 0.89, y adecuados índices de ajuste (χ²/gl = 2; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.04). En términos de confiabilidad, los coeficientes fueron satisfactorios: α = 0.89 y ω = 0.89 para la escala global; α = 0.84 y ω = 0.81 para la dimensión externa; y α = 0.81 y ω = 0.77 para la dimensión interna. Asimismo, se establecieron baremos percentilares generales. Se concluye que la EASA presenta adecuada validez, confiabilidad y consistencia interna, constituyéndose en un instrumento pertinente para la medición de la adaptación social en estudiantes de nivel secundario en la ciudad de Piura.
Copyright (c) 2025 Favio Reyes-Quezada (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socio-emotional photovoice: a psychosocial intervention strategy with families of victims of forced disappearance in Atoyac de Álvarez, Guerrero
Enforced disappearance constitutes a serious human rights violation that transcends the direct victim, profoundly impacting their families and future generations. This study aimed to implement the Socio-Emotional Photovoice technique to facilitate the group expression and management of emotions among family members of victims of enforced disappearance, with the goal of analyzing their experience and co-constructing proposals for reparation for the damage addressed to the State. Regarding its methodology, a critical qualitative paradigm was adopted under the Participatory Action Research (PAR) design. The sample consisted of 60 members of the Association of Relatives of the Detained-Disappeared (AFADEM) of Atoyac de Álvarez, Guerrero, during October and November 2021. The data collection techniques were participant observation and field diary. The methodology used allowed participants to express painful emotions such as anger, sadness, and fear related to the disappearance of their relatives, reflect on the impact on their lives, and collectively develop a series of demands for reparation. In conclusion, the Socioemotional Photovoice technique proved to be an effective tool for psychosocial support, creating a safe space for emotional expression, strengthening mutual support, and collective agency in demanding justice and reparation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martha Quevedo (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Parental stress and child development in children aged 0 to 6 years: a systematic scoping review
This systematic scoping review examines research that supports the relationship between parental stress and the evolutionary development of children aged 0 to 6 years. The review followed the guidelines of the PRISMA statement and selected items from its checklist. Electronic databases were searched, identifying an initial pool of 142 studies, of which 18 were subsequently selected and analyzed. The findings indicate that parental stress is a strong predictor of emotional and behavioral problems in both children and parents, influences the choice of coping strategies within parenting styles, and is associated with deficits in social relationship formation, competencies, emotional regulation in children, as well as cognitive and behavioral problems. High levels of stress, experienced mainly by mothers, are characterized by factors such as the number of children, single-parent families, low economic income, the evolutionary development of children, and the age of both parents and children. Finally, the need to establish preventive and interventive programs is highlighted.
Copyright (c) 2025 Belén Suárez Carangui, Xavier Fabricio Reyes Trelles (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Attention, self-awareness, self-regulation, and emotional autonomy in newly hired teachers in the Dominican Republic
Attention, self-regulation, and emotional autonomy are key competencies that directly influence teachers’ well-being and the quality of educational processes. In this context, the aim of the present study was to analyze the levels of attention, self-awareness, self-regulation, and emotional autonomy among Dominican teachers. The study adopted a quantitative approach with a descriptive, cross-sectional design. A total of 146 teachers participated, all of whom were part of the national teacher induction program led by the Universidad Católica del Cibao (Dominican Republic). Data were collected using a questionnaire administered via Google Forms. The results show sustained emotional attention, accompanied by ongoing reflective processes that support self-regulation and conflict management through reflective strategies. However, limitations were identified in the use of complementary emotional support strategies, indicating the need to strengthen emotional autonomy. In this regard, emotional training should include tools that promote self-awareness, self-regulation, and the comprehensive development of emotional intelligence in the school context. Further research is proposed to strengthen emotional intelligence skills from a socioconstructionist perspective, considering social interaction, cultural context, and communicative practices as fundamental axes for understanding emotional processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Núñez-Manzueta, Silvia Batista-Aracena, Juan Homaldo Veras (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Screen time, social support, and depression among international university students
Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between objectively measured screen time and depression. Moreover, it seeks to determine whether social support mediates the relationship between depression and objectively measured screen time. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 121 international college students. Screen time was measured using logged data from participants’ phones. Basic anthropometric data were collected with a stadiometer and bioimpedance analysis. The Zung Depression Scale was used to assess depression, and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List was applied to assess social support. Data analysis involved correlation and t-test analyses, followed by a path mediation analysis. Results: The current data suggest that there is no direct association between depression and screen time, as no correlation was found between these variables (r(85) = .03, p > .05), nor were meaningful differences in screen time observed between depressed and non-depressed groups (t(85) = –.19, p = 0.85). However, an indirect association was established through a path model in which social support acted as a mediator (p < .05). Conclusion: Screen time alone is not indicative of depression; however, social support can significantly mediate their relationship. Consequently, lowering screen time may not lead to a reduction in depressive symptoms, as more subtle factors may influence this association. Therefore, the relationship between phone use and depression is complex and requires further investigation using more advanced methods.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammadamin Sadaghiyan, Sarah Jane-Viljoen, Anja Turner, Wassin Hasbini, Christopher James-Keating (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Burnout syndrome in Brazilian military police officers: analysis of associated factors and mediation
Burnout Syndrome is a psychosocial phenomenon, a response to chronic stressors presents in the work context. Military police officers belong to a high-risk professional category. This study had two objectives: the first was to verify the predictive role of Emotional Labor (Emotional Demands and Emotional Dissonance) and work resources (Professional Self-Efficacy and Leadership Quality) for Burnout Syndrome. The second objective was to identify, among the predictor variables of Professional Self-Efficacy and Leadership Quality, those that play a mediating role between Emotional Labor, which includes Emotional Demands and Emotional Dissonance, and Burnout Syndrome. The study, which used a quantitative method and an explanatory observational cross-sectional design, included 90 military police officers who answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic and work-related data, including the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Burnout Syndrome, two subscales of Emotional Labor (demand and dissonance), a Professional Self-Efficacy scale, and a Multidimensional scale of the quality of the leader-member relationship. The results, evaluated through Multiple Regression Analysis, identified that the higher the Emotional Demand, the higher the Burnout Syndrome index, and the higher the Affect and Professional Self-Efficacy indices, the lower the levels of the syndrome. The variables Self-Efficacy and Affect acted as mediators, reducing the impact between Emotional Demand and Burnout. The results indicate the need for psychological interventions linked to relational skills and the work environment, thus contributing to the mental health of military police officers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diego Sotoriva, Michelle Engers, Mary Carlotto (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perception of organizational climate and absenteeism in units of a high-complexity Chilean hospital
This research explores the perception of organizational climate and its relationship with absenteeism in critical units of a high-complexity hospital in southern Chile, characterized by high care demand. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, seven focus groups were conducted in services with high absenteeism rates (Emergency, Surgery, Operating Room, and Pediatric ICU), analyzed through content and thematic analysis. The findings reveal a predominantly negative perception of the organizational climate, emphasizing deficiencies in communication, deteriorated interpersonal relationships, lack of recognition, inadequate infrastructure, and limited professional development. These conditions significantly affect the emotional and physical well-being of staff, contributing to burnout and absenteeism. Furthermore, feelings of lack of protection, demotivation, and perceived organizational injustice were identified. The study concludes that organizational climate, particularly in contexts of high care pressure, constitutes a critical factor for staff retention and quality of care. It highlights the need for institutional strategies that promote communication, psychosocial support, and professional recognition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nicol Altamirano, Felipe Parra, Valeria Cole, Ailine Lara, Catari Sandoval, Gabriela Vergara (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social subjectivity and the appropriation of communication for digital health among high school students in Mexico
Objective: To explore the subjective meanings of health in relation to the info-communicational logic and the use of digital media among upper secondary students, from a historical-cultural perspective of social subjectivity. Methodology: A qualitative interpretive study was conducted by administering a digital questionnaire with open-ended questions to 20 undergraduate students from the University of Guanajuato, in the city of León, Mexico. The analysis was conducted through the constructive-interpretative method. Results: Seven categories were identified, showing that health is conceived as a state of well-being, a biological or holistic vision. Furthermore, it was found that through digital media, students recognize illnesses, resort to self-medication, and even somatize what they observe on social networks, which reinforces their interest in the dissemination of more content related to mental health. Conclusions: The notions of “digital nosology” and the “digital patient” reveal active ways of feeling, acting, and self-care, which must be addressed by the healthcare system, society, and the users themselves.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mónica Morales (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Online sexual harassment of minors: similarities and differences in recidivism and criminal history compared to other child sexual offenders
Requests of a sexual nature directed at minors through the internet, a phenomenon identified as online sexual harassment of minors, have shown in recent years a steadily increasing trend in the criminal statistics recorded in Spain. The main objective of the present study is to describe and compare the criminal history and recidivism of individuals arrested for online sexual harassment of minors, child sexual abuse, and child pornography, based on police records, in order to identify differential patterns of criminal behavior. To this end, information on criminal history and recidivism was extracted from three different samples of individuals arrested for offenses of online sexual harassment of minors, child pornography, and child sexual abuse. This information, initially obtained from police reports, was expanded with data from police arrest databases and subsequently subjected to statistical analysis. The methodology follows a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, exploratory, descriptive, and comparative design. The results show that both the rate of recidivism and the prevalence of previous criminal history are higher in offenses related to online sexual harassment of minors than in the other two samples. The criminal history involving other sexual offenses is also recurrently higher. From these findings, it can be inferred that the profile of the online sexual harasser of minors is much more similar to that of child sexual abuse offenders than to that of child pornography offenders. Consequently, both police response and reintegration strategies should be adapted to such characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Israel Díaz, Marta Vizcaíno (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Conceptual analysis of manhood and its relationship to violence based on psychotherapeutic experience with men
Attention to gender-based violence within clinical psychology has expanded from focusing solely on victims to also including those who perpetrate it. In clinical practice with groups of men, stagnation was observed in the psychotherapeutic process when their social circles labeled their behavioral changes as “no longer being men.” Therefore, this research aimed to demonstrate how the construction, understanding, and self-conception of what is perceived as being a man can hinder the psychotherapeutic process of men seeking to eliminate gender-based violence in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. This study follows a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, grounded in a constructivist paradigm, to analyze the relationship between traditional masculinity and the abandonment of violence. The main instrument used was the semi-structured interview, applied to men who received psychotherapeutic care to cease violent behaviors, primarily against their partners. Data were analyzed through a narrative approach, allowing for an exploration of the participants’ personal meanings and experiences throughout their process of change. The findings indicate that men who seek to renounce violence face social and familial barriers that reinforce the idea that manhood entails power and control. High levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress were identified, as well as the use of violence as a form of social validation. Finally, it is noted that dominant definitions of manhood contribute to the normalization of violence in society, hindering its eradication and the transformation of gender relations.
Copyright (c) 2025 SofÍa Gutiérrez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evolution of mental health problems in Latin America over the last five years
In the current context, mental disorders have gained greater relevance as high-risk diseases in Latin America, both due to their increasing prevalence and the impact they have on public health and social well-being. The objective of this research is to evaluate advances in the care of mental health problems and the strategies implemented to address them. This research analyzes the evolution of mental disorders in Latin America over the last five years, identifying trends, determining factors, and the responses of public health systems to demonstrate progress in the care of these mental health problems. The study was conducted using a systematic review methodology, following the PRISMA protocol. Articles published in the last five years, written in Spanish and directly related to the topic, were selected and evaluated. The sources consulted included Google Scholar, Scopus, Redalyc, and SciELO. The results showed an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders, associated with factors such as violence, work-related stress, and economic and political instability, trends that worsened with the quarantine imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Likewise, limited accessibility to psychological and psychiatric services was identified, as well as a lack of government initiatives to improve working conditions and stabilize the economy. It is concluded that, despite advances such as telehealth, gaps in mental health care persist, necessitating the implementation of comprehensive, preventive, and contextualized public policies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vitaliano Enriquez, María Paniura (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychological first aid for minors after Hurricane Otis in Acapulco, Mexico
Hurricane Otis, a category five storm, struck the cities of Acapulco and Coyuca de Benítez (Guerrero) on October 25, 2023, at 12:25 a.m. This phenomenon devastated a large part of the infrastructure in the affected cities, impacting the Acapulco and Coyuca populations in terms of both material and personal losses. The objective of this study is to understand the experiences of children and adolescents in Acapulco, with the aim of providing them with appropriate emotional management strategies that facilitate the activation of their coping mechanisms, minimize future psychological harm, and, if necessary, refer them to specialized institutions. The ultimate goal of this program is to contribute to community health and well-being. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing a hermeneutic phenomenological design and thematic category analysis. The sample consisted of 34 minors. The instruments used included participant observation and field journals, while the techniques applied encompassed narrative expression, free expressive drawing, and children's storytelling. The results indicated that the children developed adaptive functions to cope with the situation. Those who exhibited psychosocial and mental health issues were referred to specialized institutions. Psychological support was found to mitigate the psycho-emotional impact of the experience. It is recommended that more spaces be created for minors to express the challenges they face and that the development of their socio-emotional skills be encouraged.
Copyright (c) 2024 Martha Quevedo, Natalia Ix-Chel Vázquez González (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Use of mobile phones and the presence of anxiety, depression, and stress disorders among university students in Honduras
The excessive use of mobile phones is a growing issue that particularly affects university students. The aim of this research is to examine how the use of these devices is related to psycho-emotional disorders such as anxiety, depression, and stress among university students. The study adopted a quantitative approach, with a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional design, since the instrument was applied at a single point in time. Validated psychological tools were employed: the MULTICAGE-TIC, which identifies emotional problems associated with excessive technology use, and the DASS-21, which measures the severity of mental health-related symptoms. Both instruments demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.797) and enabled the analysis of a representative sample of 407 students, aged between 16 and 54 years. More than 50% of respondents reported experiencing some degree of anxiety, stress, or depression, while 35.4% showed a marked dependence on mobile phones. The study highlights that using these devices for more than four hours a day is associated with an increase in psycho-emotional problems. It emphasizes the importance of addressing this issue not only at the individual level but also through public policies that promote responsible technology use, particularly in educational settings. Furthermore, it underscores the need to implement effective strategies that mitigate the negative effects of excessive mobile device use and protect the emotional well-being of university students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Norma Rivera-Ferrera, Carlos Hashimoto (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychosexual and instinctual components structuring personality in high-performance athletes: breaking taboos
Objective: The aim is to identify the psychosexual and instinctual components that shape the personality of high-performance athletes. Method: This research was based on a qualitative approach, with a systematic review conducted using the PRISMA method. The following databases were used: EBSCO, Scopus, SCIELO, Psycnet, Dialnet, PubMED, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Redalyc, and Dialnet. The key terms searched were: high performance, sport, personality, instinct, psychosexual. Twelve studies were selected based on the topic. Results: It has been emphasized that there are no studies on coital relationships and brain chemistry depletion, with taboos, prejudices, fears, religion, culture, and psychoemotional issues such as trauma being the triggers that create limitations to fully enjoying sexuality. Conclusion: Among the psychological, sexual, and instinctual components that construct the personality of high-performance athletes, factors such as inherited traits of introversion and extroversion, formative psychoactive experiences during the early years of life, starting with the maternal bond, followed by caregivers, and sequentially with the environment through socialization processes, language acquisition, culture, and environment are determinant. Additionally, certain individual prejudices such as religion, fear, and ignorance also play a role.
Copyright (c) 2024 Marco Sánchez-Salinas, María Torres-Pozo, Cindy Cuenca-Sánchez, Sonia Vargas-Veliz, Daniel Izquierdo-Cevallos, Leonardo Tarqui-Silva (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Deporte adaptado y comunidad: construyendo espacios de participación y bienestar en Colombia
Este estudio aborda la inclusión social de personas con discapacidad en el deporte adaptado, centrándose en la estrategia “Vida Activa” de la Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS-Colombia). El objetivo es caracterizar a esta población y evaluar su desempeño funcional mediante el cuestionario WHODAS 2.0, con el fin de promover la salud y la inclusión social a través del deporte. Se utilizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 805 participantes, de los cuales 61 reportaron discapacidad. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de la población era femenina (76%), estudiantes (88%) y pertenecientes a estratos socioeconómicos 2 y 3. Del total, el 7,57% reportó alguna discapacidad, siendo la discapacidad sensorial la más común (50,81%). En cuanto al desempeño funcional, el dominio de movilidad presentó un 39,3% sin limitaciones, mientras que el 52,5% no reportó limitaciones en el cuidado personal. A partir de estos resultados y considerando la actual política pública de Colombia, se concluye en la necesidad de reforzar aspectos clave como el desarrollo de infraestructura sostenible que promueva la inclusión. Además, es fundamental implementar campañas de sensibilización sobre la discapacidad, fortalecer los servicios de atención y ofrecer incentivos para apoyar a la población con discapacidad y sus cuidadores.
Copyright (c) 2024 Isabel Sánchez, Jorge Moreno, Mariel Puentes (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Self-harm in young college suicide survivors
Self-injurious behaviors often arise as an attempt to regulate emotions and temporarily alleviate emotional and social pain, potentially leading to suicidal attempts over time—a complex phenomenon that demands a profound and diverse understanding of intense emotional distress and an urgent need for help and support. Thus, this article aimed to explore self-injurious experiences in survivors of suicide attempts during university years through a systematic review methodology using the PRISMA protocol, identifying and critically evaluating the quality of 24 studies spanning a period from 2003 to 2024, using keywords such as self-injury, non-suicidal self-injury, university students, adolescents, young adults, and others in databases like Web of Science, Redalyc, and Dialnet. It was found that self-injurious experiences in university students include cuts, burns, blows, pinches, falls, bites, scratches, and more, resulting from depression, anxiety, stress, impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, avoidant coping styles, psychoactive substance use, bullying, academic pressure, history of violence, existential void, fatalistic attitudes, low self-esteem, cognitive rumination, family dysfunction, negative sexual experiences, and more. The above reveals that these experiences require specialized management that includes institutional and family care and support protocols, encompassing emotional, social, and personal factors, which implies the creation of early intervention programs, continuous psychological support, and awareness campaigns to reduce the stigma associated with self-injury and suicide.
Copyright (c) 2024 Marly Bolaños-López, Liceth Hurtado-Ordoñez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychosocial aspects of gender violence and its incidence in femicide: a systematic review
Introduction: research in the field of gender violence and femicide indicates a marked interest on the part of collectives, professionals, and entities working in defense of human rights. The risk factors associated with this phenomenon have psychological, social, political, and economic repercussions that have contributed to gender inequality and discrimination based on the norms of patriarchal cultures. Methodology: a systematic review of the literature was conducted using Boolean equations, searching across three databases (Proquest, ebscohost, and Wos Clarivate). Results: it was found that various forms of violence against women increase the likelihood of behavioral alterations, as well as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, or psychotic disorders. Moreover, various social, economic, and cultural barriers embedded in society limit the eradication of this issue. Conclusions: gender violence has physical and mental effects that negatively impact the comprehensive health of the victims, affecting short, medium, and long-term mental stability and diminishing quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nubia Hernández-Flórez, Olena Klimenko, Elisama Beltrán, Johana Vásquez, Maria Orozco, Francis Araque-Barboza (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Obstetric violence, its psychological impact on women, and challenges for the protection of human rights: a systematic review
Obstetric violence represents a severe violation of women's human rights during childbirth, manifesting in dehumanizing and negligent practices that cause significant psychological consequences, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. This study aims to analyze the psychological impact of obstetric violence and the challenges for protecting the human rights of affected women. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA protocol to ensure a rigorous and transparent process. Initially, 40 relevant articles were identified through exhaustive searches in academic databases and other consultation sources. After applying exclusion criteria, the number of articles was reduced to 20, which were selected after a detailed evaluation of titles, abstracts, and document quality. The results indicate that obstetric violence has profound psychological effects and reveals structural factors such as inadequate training of healthcare personnel and gender inequalities. The conclusion highlights the need for effective public policies, better training for healthcare professionals, and women's empowerment to combat obstetric violence, thereby protecting their human rights and improving the quality of obstetric care.
Copyright (c) 2024 Laura Rodríguez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gestalt therapy: an alternative for psychological care for displaced children from Guerrero, México
Forced internal displacement is a phenomenon that has occurred throughout history in various countries and affects the victims who experience it in all areas of their lives. In this regard, for the child population, this phenomenon has had a devastating impact, as childhood is a stage of full development, and children feel insecure in a frightening context where all their human rights were violated. The objective of the present study was to provide Gestalt therapy to children who are victims of forced internal displacement from Sierra de Guerrero. A qualitative approach was used, with a descriptive scope, a phenomenological design, and a cross-sectional cohort. The sample is represented by 23 minors from a community in the Sierra de Guerrero. The instruments used were the interview guide and the field diary, with data analyzed through open coding. The results show that the personal psychosocial effects found in the children were sadness and happiness due to their parents' fights; within the community effects, it was found that parents exhibited hypervigilance due to the stress of protecting their families. Regarding socioeconomic effects, it was found that men resorted to poppy cultivation as a subsistence economic activity. In this sense, it is concluded that Gestalt therapy used for group and individual intervention was effective in providing emotional release for the minors and a better way to cope with family conflicts and the social context.
Copyright (c) 2024 Martha Quevedo, Claudia Salinas (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chilean and German mothers’ perception of childhood and its relationship with maternal role
In recent decades, it has been suggested that the nature of childhood has been changing due to sociocultural shifts of the times and the extensive development and access to technology. This article addresses how mothers from two different cultural contexts, Chile and Germany, perceive changes in childhood and how these have affected their own maternal role. To do this, a qualitative, descriptive-scope study with a phenomenological design is conducted, involving six focus groups, three with German mothers and three with Chilean mothers of school-aged children. The question 'What are today's children like?' is explored, and the information collected is analyzed using content analysis and the application of open and axial coding. The results show that mothers from both contexts perceive positive aspects such as greater independence in children and their increased ability to establish horizontal relationships with adults. However, Chilean mothers mention an increase in socio-emotional problems in childhood, and German mothers refer to the adultification of childhood. It is concluded that mothers from both contexts perceive an experiential distance between their own childhood and that of their children, which impacts their experience of their maternal role.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lorena Muñoz-Muñoz, Mirjam Deffaa, Mirjam Weis (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Institutional violence in family police stations in Boyacá, Colombia
This study aimed to analyze cases of institutional violence and rights violations at Family Police Stations in the handling of gender violence cases in the provinces of Márquez and Centro, in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. The research methodology was qualitative, supported by a narrative design of topics; the information collection technique was the semi-structured interview, the analysis method was axial coding, and the information sources were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A total of 40 women in the early and middle stages of their adult life cycle participated. The results allowed for the identification that the most common violations are centered around the revictimization of the traumatic experience when coming into contact with the office professionals to report and in the articulation with entities for expert examinations, coerciveness and questioning in the description of the punishable facts, lack of taking provisional protection measures not adjusted to the case allowing the recurrence of risk events by the aggressor, negligence in the follow-up of the adopted measures, and bureaucracy in the administrative procedures that facilitate immediate action against non-compliance with protection measures and assessment to establish the risk profile. It is concluded that this is generated due to factors such as improper diligence in the attention phases and the lack of complementary training for the attention in cases of gender violence.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jhon Coronado, Karen Carrero (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Institutional violence in the handling of gender-based violence cases in Family Police Stations in Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
This research aimed to analyze the acts of institutional violence and violation experienced by women when reporting gender violence at Family Police Stations in the city of Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia. The study was qualitative, supported by a narrative design of topics, and the technique for gathering information was the interview with a guide of semi-structured questions. The sources were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, totaling 25 women who reported gender-based violence. The results are presented according to the phases of comprehensive care that are developed in these offices, allowing us to find that there are behaviors of revictimization, omission, and coercive action in the description of the criminal acts and throughout the entire care cycle by the officials. There is objectification of a symbolic nature in the face of acts of violence that chronify the sequelae of the traumatic experience of the violating act, negligence due to biased administrative actions concerning the victim's risk profile, and consensus on taking protective measures and undue diligence due to the bureaucratic network and interdisciplinary action. It is concluded that this violation is generated due to bureaucratic aspects that limit due process, lack of complementary training, and qualification of human talent with a gender perspective.
Copyright (c) 2024 Tatiana Sosa (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Quality of life and sociodemographic variables, as explanatory variables of obesity
Objective: To identify variables related to quality of life and sociodemographics that could explain the percentage of body fat, as well as low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, all associated with obesity. Methods: This was a quantitative, non-experimental, convenience, and explanatory study. Participants included 320 adults with different body mass index levels, of both sexes, who were patients at the Higher School of Medicine of the National Polytechnic Institute from 2018 to 2020. We assessed and measured quality of life, lipoproteins, cholesterol, and body fat percentage. Linear regressions, categorical regressions, structural equations, and artificial neural networks were employed. Results: In the artificial neural network, the variables with the highest synaptic weight were marital status, occupation, and age; and in terms of quality of life, cognitive function, medical dependence, and physical performance. In linear models, explanatory factors included concerns, isolation, body perception, attitude towards treatment, leisure time, gender, and marital status. Conclusion: Body perception, age, medical dependence, marital status, and concerns were the input variables that explained the percentage of body fat and blood lipids related to obesity.
Copyright (c) 1969 victor Aguilera Sosa (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Intervention of the self-care and continuous care program for university students
The Self-care and Continuous Student Care Program (AACES) emerged as a proposal from the Integral Development Unit (UDI), based on suggestions from the General Directorate of Medical Services (DGSM) regarding the results of the global health diagnosis at FES Zaragoza in 2005. In this program, approximately six months of work were carried out, involving various activities that served as interventions to address the identified risk situations among university students. The research aimed to promote self-care and the development of psycho-affective and socio-cultural skills contributing to the overall development of individuals to enhance academic performance among young people at Zaragoza. The study was a qualitative action research, employing interviews for evaluation and feedback. The AACES Program offers a variety of products such as informative modules, preventive campaigns, public educational spaces, university fairs on health and responsible sexuality, reflection forums with experts, informative workshops, personalized attention, and research projects. These efforts consolidate intervention with university students, emphasizing the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles and involving students in contests and activities related to gender equity, sexual diversity, risk prevention, peace culture, and non-violence.
Copyright (c) 2024 Karla Torres (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0