Caracterização biogeofísica de uma zona de deslizamento por meio de sensoriamento remoto para a gestão de riscos de desastres no vulcão San Vicente, El Salvador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35622/j.rca.2026.03.001Palavras-chave:
deslizamento de terra, fotogrametria, geomorfologia, gestão de riscos, sensoriamento remotoResumo
Os deslizamentos de terra representam uma das ameaças naturais mais frequentes em regiões montanhosas e vulcânicas, gerando impactos significativos sobre a infraestrutura, os ecossistemas e as comunidades humanas. O objetivo foi realizar a caracterização biogeofísica de uma área afetada por um deslizamento por meio do uso de sensoriamento remoto e fotogrametria com drone (UAV). Adotou-se uma abordagem quantitativa de alcance descritivo, orientada à caracterização biogeofísica de um deslizamento localizado no vulcão San Vicente, El Salvador. Para isso, foram integradas a fotogrametria UAV e a análise geoespacial por meio de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG). A partir do processamento de imagens aéreas obtidas com drone, foram gerados ortomosaicos, modelos digitais de superfície (DSM), modelos digitais de elevação (DEM), nuvens de pontos e modelos tridimensionais. Complementarmente, foram utilizadas imagens de satélite Sentinel-2 para o cálculo do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI), com o propósito de avaliar mudanças na cobertura vegetal associadas ao evento. Os resultados permitiram identificar um deslizamento com declividades superiores a 70°, uma área estimada de 9.570,50 m², um perímetro de 570,66 m e um volume aproximado de 191.410 m³ de material mobilizado. Os produtos derivados da fotogrametria UAV e da análise de imagens Sentinel-2 evidenciaram mudanças na cobertura vegetal, a evolução morfológica do deslizamento e o transporte e a deposição de material, associados a condições topográficas e geomorfológicas que favorecem a instabilidade da encosta. Conclui-se que as informações geradas constituem um subsídio para o fortalecimento das capacidades de resiliência, das estratégias de monitoramento e da avaliação de ameaças.
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Direitos autorais (c) 2026 Gerson Cornejo-Reyes, Carlos Funes-Guadrón (Autor/a)
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