Instituto Universitario de Innovación Ciencia y Tecnología Inudi Perú
Morphometry and root biomass of vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) under five types of substrates in Cajamarca-Peru
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of five types of substrates on the morphometry and root biomass of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) in the Cajamarca region of Peru. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments (T0: agricultural soil; T1: agricultural soil + river sand 1:1; T2: agricultural soil + worm humus 2:1; T3: river sand + worm humus 2:1; T4: agricultural soil + river sand + humus 2:2:1), with three replicates. Morphometric variables (germination, height and number of stems, number of leaves, length and number of roots) and root biomass (dry root matter - DRM) were evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the substrates did not cause significant differences in germination, stems, leaves, or dry root matter (DRM). However, there were significant effects on morphology. T2 (agricultural soil + humus 2:1) produced the highest stem height (7.6 cm) and number of roots (29.8). On the other hand, T1 (agricultural soil + sand 1:1) was superior in root length (38.0 cm). It is concluded that the substrates did not modify the total accumulation of root biomass, but did influence the morphological components of the root system. The promotion of optimal root development by substrates with humus (T2) and sand (T1) is relevant for the selection of propagation material for erosion control in the Cajamarca mountains.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ismael Suárez, Lesly Manrique, Brendy Uria, Alex Huatay (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determination of the ecological flow in the Ilave River, using the IFIM-PHABSIM methodology
Ecological flow is the minimum amount of water required in a river to preserve the biota in that environment. The aim of this study was to determine the ecological flow of the Ilave River (in the Churo sector, El Collao Province, Puno, Peru) using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) and hydrobiological simulation with the open-source software PHABSIM, considering rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as the indicator species. Historical records of mean monthly flows for the period 2000–2025 were analyzed, complemented by field measurements of water velocity, depth, temperature, and channel index. The results indicate that the optimal ecological flow for trout survival is 3 m³/s, with suitable temperature conditions ranging from 0 to 18 °C, a minimum depth of 0.2 m, and a channel index from 1 to 8. Statistical analysis showed that, in 11 months over the last twenty-six years, flows were below 3 m³/s, reflecting a progressive deterioration of the aquatic habitat for the fish under study. In conclusion, these findings show that the reduction in flow, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, compromises the hydrobiological sustainability of the Ilave River and endangers the persistence of its native and exotic biota. The implementation of integrated water resource management policies aimed at conserving the natural flow regime of the Ilave River is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dany Alexander Aguilar Mamani, José Antonio Vargas Marón, Omar Luis Neira Cutipa, Felipe Condori Chambilla, Howard Rivera Huacasi, Gloria Arazola Mamani (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
First record of the teleomorphic state of Pestalotiopsis associated with the leather fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) in Guatemala
The leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) is among the ten best-selling ornamental plants in Guatemala; by 2022, export sales reached US$120 million. In addition to its ornamental importance, it also holds medicinal value, although its production is limited by phytosanitary issues. The objective of this research was to identify the causal agents of the disease known as "chicharrón" (scorching) in leatherleaf fern. Symptomatic plants with necrotic areas on the leaflets were collected. The samples were placed in a humid chamber and observed every 24 hours. Plant tissue sections and scrapings were performed. Additionally, symptomatic plant tissue was placed in PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) culture media. The culture medium was kept in an incubator at 25 ± 2 °C. The symptoms presented by the plants were leaf necrosis, typically starting in the apical region; these symptoms are commonly known as "chicharrón." Initial diagnostic results demonstrated the presence of the phytopathogenic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. The sexual phase of the fungus Pestalotiopsis (Ascomycota: Amphisphaeriales) was also found on the plant, marking the first record of this phase in R. adiantiformis. Asci with ascospores were observed; the asci exhibited a slightly fusiform shape, brown color, and two transverse septa. These results provide important information for diagnostics in both anamorphic and teleomorphic phases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudia Toledo-Perdomo (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Total chromium bioadsorption using immobilized queñua (Polylepis incana) tannin in aqueous solutions
Industrial wastes generated by tanneries that contain heavy metals such as Cr(VI) and total chromium pose serious risks to both the environment and public health due to their high toxicity, mutagenic capacity, and carcinogenic potential. This study aimed to analyze the biosorption capacity of Cr(VI) and total chromium ions from aqueous solutions using immobilized tannin extracted from queñua (Polylepis incana) bark. The methodology involved obtaining a tannin extract from queñua bark and subsequently polymerizing it with 37% formaldehyde to produce the immobilized tannin. The immobilized tannin was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), where functional groups capable of adsorbing total chromium were identified. Total chromium kinetics were best fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, in which qe = 5.568 mg/g represents the amount of chromium adsorbed per gram of bioadsorbent at equilibrium, and k2 = 0.335 g/(mg·min) is associated with the overall biosorption rate; the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9995 indicates the best fit. It is concluded that the biosorption process using immobilized tannin is capable of adsorbing Cr(VI) and total chromium ions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Higinio Zuñiga, Roxana Medina (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Producer organization capacity development in Belize: evaluating training program effectiveness through social capital and institutional frameworks
This study evaluates changes in the organizational capacity of agricultural producer organizations (POs) in Belize following a training intervention conducted between March and December 2025. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention measures, the research analyzed 20 POs specializing in apiculture, vegetable production, and livestock farming across the districts of Cayo, Corozal, and Orange Walk. The study was grounded in Resource-Based View (RBV), Institutional Theory, and Social Capital Theory, using structured questionnaires with an alternative scoring system to assess organizational management, strategic planning, market access, and internal governance. Data analysis via descriptive statistics and regression models (SPSS) indicated that post-intervention improvements were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in management, strategic planning, and market access, with average organizational capacity increasing by 34%. Furthermore, social capital analysis revealed that cooperative networks and the adoption of business practices were strongly and positively correlated (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). However, institutional resource limitations, such as restricted credit access and weak links with support institutions, posed challenges to long-term sustainability. Ultimately, the results demonstrate that organizational capacity development in agricultural contexts depends on a strategic combination of technical training, social capital, and institutional strengthening, providing essential empirical data to inform future interventions in Belize and throughout Central America.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Itza, Viviano Ninaquispe (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tourist service and tourist satisfaction in luxury hotels: a systematic review
Given the increasing sophistication of tourism demand, understanding the expectations of the modern traveler is crucial to ensuring sustainability and commercial success in the sector. The objective of the article was to identify the main satisfaction factors of tourists in luxury hotels through a literature review. The study adopted a qualitative, review-based approach using the PRISMA systematic review methodology; the search considered only scientific articles in Spanish, English, and Portuguese published between 2005 and 2025 in the Scielo and Scopus databases, using the Boolean operators ((satisfaction AND hotel AND luxury AND tourism)), resulting in the selection of 10 articles for the final review. The results indicate that while guest satisfaction in luxury hotels is based on a balance between human interaction, physical comfort, and the overall quality of the experience, staff attention is the most valued factor. It is possible to conclude that satisfaction is a multidimensional process and component where both physical and abstract aspects reinforce each other; to integrate a solid service culture with adaptive strategies, luxury hotels must generate lasting bonds, regardless of the market segment being targeted.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fernando Supo-Arapa, Jose Yanqui-De La Cruz, Alexis Apaza-Machaca, Yoselin Quilca-Llutari, Antonio Flores-Vargas, Marvin Llerena (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Edaphic degradation and plant resilience in post-mining calcareous soils within karst landscapes of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico.
Limestone extraction in the Yucatán Peninsula has generated highly disturbed landscapes characterized by soil compaction, reduced porosity, and diminished water retention, affecting plant succession and ecosystem resilience. This study compared edaphic properties and vegetation cover across ten sites in Quintana Roo, five impacted by limestone mining and five controls, distributed along the Reforma Agraria–Puerto Juárez highway. Impacted soils exhibited 25% higher bulk density (1.65 vs. 1.32 g/cm³), 27% lower porosity (38.2% vs. 52.6%), and 36% reduced water retention (21.4% vs. 33.7%) compared to controls. Vegetation cover was 46% lower in impacted areas (42.1% vs. 78.5%), with species richness reduced by more than 50% and diversity values significantly lower (H’ = 1.12 vs. 2.34). These findings confirm functional soil degradation that restricts natural recovery in shallow karst environments, where high permeability and limited horizon formation intensify vulnerability to water stress. Edaphic restoration is recommended through organic amendments, structural soil improvement, and enhanced infiltration, complemented by revegetation with native species adapted to thin soils and low water availability. The results provide empirical evidence to guide ecological restoration programs and sustainable management in tropical mining landscapes of the Yucatán Peninsula, strengthening ecosystem resilience and functional soil recovery.
Copyright (c) 2025 Felipe Puc, Daffry Puc https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nutrient intake and digestibility in sheeps fed diets with corn germ and Miúda forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera
The objective was to evaluate the effect of using corn germ and the forage cactus cv. Miúda in the diet of sheep on nutrient intake and digestibility. Four male sheep with an average initial weight of 35 kg, were used, and distributed in a Latin square experimental design. The treatments consisted of four experimental diets: without Miúda cactus (MFC) and germ (CONT); without MFC + germ (GIMEX); with MFC and without germ (MFC); with MFC and germ (MFC+GIMEX). However, a significant effect (P<0.05) of the treatments (T) was observed for the variables of dry matter intake (DMI) (955 x 1304.9 g day-1), mineral matter intake (MMI) (58.7 x 122.1 g day-1), crude protein intake (CPI) (119.9 x 162.9 g day-1) and ether extract intake (EEI) (36.7 x 77.8 g day-1). The diet (GIMEX+MFC) promoted higher DMI and other constituents, while the diet (GIMEX) resulted in lower DMI, MMI and CPI, but favored higher EE intake compared to the diet (GIMEX+MFC). The nutrient digestibility coefficients were not influenced by the association of MFC with corn germ (P>0.05); however, significant effects were observed for the coefficients of digestibility of organic matter (OM) (664.5 x 742.7 g kg-1 DM) and NFC (657.1 x 838.8 g kg-1 DM). The present study determined that combining corn germ with forage palm is a viable option for sheep production in northeastern Brazil in terms of diet quality and utilization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emanuel Cordeiro da Silva, Eduarda da Silva Fontain, Mylena Magalhães Vieira (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Validation process of the calcination method for determining the organic matter content in soil samples from Peru
Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key indicator of soil quality due to its impact on physical, chemical, and biological properties. The standardized method in Peru for determining SOM is wet oxidation, which requires the use of controlled chemical reagents; however, their improper disposal poses a risk of environmental contamination. As an alternative, the calcination method can be used, which is less polluting, although the operating temperatures have not yet been standardized nationwide. The aim of this research is to compare the calcination method at three different ignition temperatures with the standardized method. A total of 61 soil samples from various regions of Peru, exhibiting different SOM and CaCO₃ contents, were analyzed. Calcination temperatures were set at 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C. The results compared SOM determined by wet oxidation and SOM determined by calcination using the Wilcoxon test, which showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Linear regression equations were developed to evaluate the correlation between both procedures, and SOM obtained by calcination at the three temperatures showed a strong linear correlation (adjusted R² = 0.88). Among the regression equations for each calcination temperature, the 400 °C treatment exhibited the highest correlation with the standardized method (adjusted R² = 0.92, p < 0.005). These findings suggest that the calcination method at 400 °C can be a useful approach to estimate soil organic matter content across different soil types.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sumiry Aguilar, Carlos Mestanza, Braulio La Torre, Berthin Ticona (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Agroecological systems as an alternative to address climate change
The crisis of the industrial agricultural model has generated negative impacts on food security, the environment, and climate resilience. In response to this scenario, agroecology emerges as a sustainable alternative that integrates ancestral knowledge and ecological principles to improve productive autonomy and mitigate the effects of climate change. This study analyzes the prospects of agroecology in the context of climate change and its impact on the socioeconomic development of rural populations. A documentary review of scientific and academic sources with an agroecological approach was conducted, evaluating strategies for the sustainability of natural resources. The results indicate that agroecological systems strengthen producers' autonomy, reduce dependence on external inputs, and contribute to food sovereignty. Moreover, they enable better adaptation to climate variations through the use of agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge. Agroecological resilience is based on productive diversification, soil conservation, and efficient water management, ensuring system stability even in the face of extreme weather events. It is concluded that agroecology not only represents a viable alternative to the industrial model, but also requires the support of public policies that promote its implementation and consolidation. Promoting agroecology is key to ensuring food security, addressing climate change, and building a more equitable and sustainable agricultural system.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Macías Barberán (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Flood simulation in the La Llanga river (Peru) using hydrological modeling with HEC-HMS and HEC-GeoRAS
Floods are a phenomenon with low predictability in inter-Andean valleys. This study was conducted on the La Llanga River, located in the northern region of Peru (Cajamarca – Celendín), a tributary of the Marañón River, within the middle course of the Andes Mountains. The HEC-HMS and HEC-GeoRAS programs were used to model flood events, considering a return period of 50 years. The main issues identified include the loss of crops, livestock, housing, and human lives, highlighting the need to implement hydrological modeling systems that support the development of early warning mechanisms and raise awareness among the population and farmers living in riparian zones. The research is quantitative, descriptive, and non-experimental in nature. A 5,066-meter stretch of the main riverbed was analyzed, between the confluence with the Saraus River and its mouth at the Grande River (Llanguat). Grid systems and cross sections were applied to identify critical areas with greater flood depth, flow width, and velocity. The model results indicated flow velocities of up to 4.89 m/s, flood widths of up to 188 meters, and discharges exceeding 400 m³/s, with sediment and rock transport. These events have a significant impact on agricultural lands and tourism activities near the riverbed. It is concluded that a detailed understanding of fluvial dynamics is essential to reduce risks and optimize land use in vulnerable areas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alejandro Alcántara Boza, Karen Gonzales-Plasencia, Francisco Velásquez-Intriago (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative evaluation of the reproductive capacity of male goats in feedlot
The present work was carried out based on data and zootechnical records from a goat and sheep property in the city of Belo Jardim, Agreste of Pernambuco. With information on three male goats, data were obtained on the pregnant females and those that carried the pregnancy to term, in addition to live births and stillbirths. Based on this data, the Chi-square statistical analysis and Fisher's test were used to verify the reproductive efficiency of the male goat on the reproductive indices of the females, using the Systat 13 software. The results showed no significant differences between the evaluated males concerning their service capacity, according to the records of a breeding season during the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. This allowed the determination of the percentage of reproductive indices for each male and, with this, to proceed with selecting the most viable breeder for the herd or, if necessary, proceed with disposal. On the other hand, the equal environmental conditions for the males determined that only one showed significant results concerning the reproductive indices of the females. Meanwhile, significant differences were observed between the males during the breeding seasons of 2021 and 2023, but there was a significant effect among the males in the 2022 breeding season (P<0.05). Concluding that the evaluation of reproductive capacity and reproductive indices are important tools in the selection of breeding males.
Copyright (c) 2024 Emanuel Cordeiro da Silva, Eduarda da Silva Fontain (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determination of a multiple linear regression model for the prediction of Pol in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
In the sugar manufacturing process, Pol in cane is a quality parameter. However, there is a problem in its determination, since it is conditioned by the complexity of the calculation, which forced this research to be carried out to provide a feasible, dynamic and economical solution. The objective was to develop a predictive model that allows predicting Pol in cane more quickly and easily from six independent variables: brix in juice, Pol in juice, non-Pol in juice, purity of juice, fiber in cane and cane juice. The research was quantitative with an explanatory and transversal design, where data collected during the 2023-2024 harvest at a sugar mill in the southern region of Guatemala was available. 23,470 records were analyzed for each variable. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that the variables Pol in juice and fiber in cane directly affect the prediction of Pol in cane by evidencing standardized coefficients with statistical significance. A solid mathematical model was generated that attributes high explanatory capacity to the variables Pol in juice and fiber in cane. The formula equation is: Pol in cane = 3.642 + (0.80 x Pol in juice) – (0.242 x fiber in cane). It is concluded that the new proposal for calculating Pol in cane establishes a balance between its simplicity and precision, will facilitate its application and will positively impact decision-making in sugar production.
Copyright (c) 2024 Flavio Reyes, Estuardo Monroy (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hematological interactions: impact of plant agglutinins on erythrocytes
Plant lectins, particularly those derived from Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Vicia faba, are of critical importance in the field of medicine due to their potential for blood group identification, as they induce conjugation between cell surface proteins. Therefore, establishing accessible, cost-effective, and efficient blood typing methods is essential for various medical interventions such as transfusions and organ transplants. The objective was to evaluate the hemagglutinating activity of plant lectins on different human erythrocyte types (A, B, AB, O) in order to identify affinity patterns. Erythrocyte agglutination tests were performed on 97 biological samples (human blood) treated with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), using a pre-experimental, cross-sectional analytical design. The results showed significant differences (p = 0.000), indicating that plant lectins have a different effect between them. This result was corroborated by a Post Hoc analysis, which revealed significant differences (p = 0.000) and (p = 1.000), with the comparison showing no significant differences at (p = 1.000). In conclusion, variations exist in the agglutinating effect of plant lectins, suggesting that while some lectins show evident variations, others may have no significant impact, warranting further investigation. Therefore, it would be appropriate to incorporate these additional factors into the analysis to gain a more comprehensive understanding.
Copyright (c) 2024 Edwin Vera-Mendoza (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perspectives on soil fertility loss in banana plantations in Urabá, Colombia
The study addressed the loss of fertility in banana-growing soils in Urabá, Colombia, linked to practices such as excessive drainage, which causes soil compaction; accumulation of crop residues without liming, leading to acidification and immobilization of nutrients like phosphorus and boron; and imbalanced fertilizer use, exacerbating nutritional imbalances and compromising agricultural and environmental sustainability. A multidisciplinary approach was applied, integrating qualitative and quantitative analyses (chemical, physical, biological, and socioeconomic), combining historical data, physicochemical soil assessments, semi-structured interviews, and visual diagnostics to examine agronomic practices, nutritional deficiencies, and degradation patterns. Fertility was classified into five categories (“A” to “E”) based on chemical imbalances, identifying that 10.2% of the land exhibits severe degradation due to compaction, salinization, and inadequate management. Results demonstrated that intensive cultivation reduced fertility, necessitating sustainable management strategies and continuous monitoring. The conclusion emphasizes balancing productivity and sustainability by integrating scientific and ancestral knowledge to preserve soils in the long term.
Copyright (c) 2024 Carlos Castro, Yolima Agualimpia (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Use of traditional plants in the management of COVID-19 by university students in a city in northern Peru
Throughout history, medicinal plants have played a crucial role in both nutrition and medicine. Currently, understanding their use becomes imperative. The purpose of this research was to assess the level of knowledge among university students regarding the use of medicinal plants in the treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive and cross-sectional study involved 110 students through a questionnaire. The results indicate that university students possess a moderate knowledge of medicinal plants, highlighting ginger, wild garlic, matico, lemon, and onion, primarily used to alleviate symptoms such as headaches, fever, cough, respiratory deficiencies, and muscle pain, proving beneficial in the treatment of COVID-19. The identification of this knowledge reflects students' perception of the benefits and utility in disease treatment, providing valuable insights for the integration of traditional approaches in healthcare management during pandemic situations.
Copyright (c) 2024 Milena Weepiu-Samekash (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phytopathogenic diseases in ornamental plants of importance for export in Guatemala
Ornamental and foliage plants make a significant contribution to Guatemalans, generating approximately 15,000 permanent jobs. Currently, they export over 500 species and 3,000 varieties of ornamental plants, showing growth in exports in recent years. Phytosanitary management is a determining factor for the production and export of these plants. The objective of the research was to identify the phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria that attack the ornamental plants collected for the study. The plants were collected in the open field or greenhouse, placed in humid chambers, and cuts or scrapings were made for diagnosis, subsequently taxonomic keys were used. The plants evaluated were: Agapanthus (Agapanthus), Elephant's foot or pony (Beaucarnea), Gerbera (Gerbera), Anthurium (Anthurium), Bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae), Protera (Protea mellifera), Magnolia (Magnolia javieri), Gladiolus (Gladiolus), Chamaedorea Fern (Rumohra adiantiformis), areca palm (Dypsis lutescens), syngonium (Syngonium podophyllum) and Rose (Rosa chinensis). Most of the diseases diagnosed were phytopathogenic fungi, identified as: Mycosphaerella, Alernaria, Colletotrichum, Oidium, Capnodium, Coniothyrium, Pestalotiopsis, Batcheloromyces, Botrytis, Fusarium, Phoma, Bipolaris, Verticillium and Cylindrocladium and only one phytopathogenic bacteria was diagnosed as Erwinia in Cyclamen, of the 18 evaluated. These phytopathogens have a direct impact on the production and trade of ornamental plants because the aesthetics of the product is an essential requirement in these crops.
Copyright (c) 2024 Claudia Toledo-Perdomo (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From the producer to the consumer: marketing strategies in contexts of uncertainty
Objective: To examine and evaluate the marketing strategies implemented in the Municipal Market of the city of Santa Rosa, located in the province of La Pampa, Argentina. Methodology: A case study with an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive approach. The study is divided into two main perspectives: Firstly, 18 testimonials from municipal officials, producers, and consumers were collected. Secondly, current prices of 44 products grouped into four categories were compared, taking into account quality characteristics, in relation to the average of 10 retail markets, including greengrocers, supermarkets, and neighborhood stores. Results: It was identified that the different stakeholders involved in this market positively value attributes such as price, quality, and food variety. Additionally, price increases ranging from 5% to 83% were observed in local stores compared to the prices traded in the mentioned municipal market. Conclusion: The analyzed strategies are positively appreciated by both producers and consumers.
Copyright (c) 2023 Franco Ghiglione, Rodolfo Braun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrated impact assessment of anthropogenic degradation in livestock agroecosystems of the Arid Chaco (Argentina)
Objectives: to develop and apply a procedure of integrated assessment for the impact of anthropogenic degradation using a composite indicator and to know the magnitude of the impact in three livestock agroecosystems. Methodology: a multiple case study design integrating mixed methods was applied. Used simple calculation and standardization methods to construct the composite indicator. For the collection of information on human variables, the sample was through networks and evaluated; the data collection unit, the social actors involved in each case; and the collection of information was carried out through semi-structured and structured interviews. For the biological-physical variables, the sample was the transect; the data universe, the farm; and the collection of information was carried out through systematic observational sampling. Results: moderate impact with risk of critical degradation was obtained for two of the farms, indicating the need to modify the management plan to avoid irreversible changes. The other showed critical impact with risk of severe impact, indicating the stoppage of activities and their intervention, to prevent the advancement of irreversible changes and allow rehabilitation. Conclusions: built indicator allowed carried out an integrated assess of the impacts and risks of occurrence of anthropogenic degradation. Simplicity of the methods used promotes its open public use. Applied procedure promotes a better understanding of the behavior of the studied phenomenon, greater effectiveness of management plans, and the viability and conservation of agroecosystems in arid zones, the most vulnerable to action of anthropogenic degradation.
Copyright (c) 2023 Anibal Massut (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Estimation of the ecological footprint of the students of the public university of Huacho, Perú
Objective: to determine the ecological footprint of the students of the public university of Huacho, Peru. Methodology: the sample consisted of 20 students of the Professional School of Initial Education; the survey was used as a technique and the questionnaire as a data collection instrument, which was validated by expert judgment (100%) and the reliability was determined by Cronbach's Alpha with 0.616. Results: it was evidenced that students have a high level with respect to their ecological footprint; given that, in the procedure for its estimation, the highest score obtained per student was 435 points that represents 6.0 to 7.8 hectares and the lowest score was 195 points being their ecological footprint from 4.0 to 6.0 hectares. Conclusion: the generation of the ecological footprint of initial education students is very high, this is due to the fact that they lead a lifestyle that increases their footprint, therefore, it is essential to promote sustainable habits.
Copyright (c) 2023 Selena Pinedo, Gabriela Ramirez , Jossue Silva , Johana Alcedo, Katthia Bottoni, Jose Mansilla , Harold Zarate, Leishner Dextre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Main characteristics of entrepreneurs as upcoming potentialiser of economy
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) represent a large part of the economic power of various countries. In the specific case of Mexico, 99% of the companies are in this classification, which is why this essay seeks to reach people interested in starting a business, in order to show what are the characteristics of entrepreneurs, what they will require, as well as an introduction to the administrative process, which will become a cycle throughout the operation of the business. It is evident that the main characteristics of the entrepreneur considered by the literature consider people to be innovative, creative, organized, structured and with a large social component. It is of the utmost importance that society supports entrepreneurs so that they can develop their entrepreneurial skills and abilities, as well as generating public policies and the creation of favorable environments for entrepreneurship can help reduce barriers to entry and improve conditions for entrepreneurship, business creation and growth.
Copyright (c) 2023 Dulce Pineda-Bautista, Dayana Pérez-Aguilar, Erick García-Serna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the effectiveness of virtual classes in physics and mathematics for pre-university students
This research evaluated the effectiveness of virtual classes in physics and mathematics for pre-university students, including the interaction between students and teachers, participants' satisfaction level, the academic level of instructors and assistants, and their final appreciation of the most suitable modality for this level of studies. The methodology used was a quantitative approach with a non-experimental and descriptive design, employing an online survey and the review of students' academic records to gather the data. The main results suggest that students have a positive perception of both virtual classes and the teachers and assistants involved in their mathematics and physics education. However, it was also determined that students prefer the face-to-face modality. The preference for face-to-face classes and the perception that learning outcomes would have been different in this modality are noteworthy, and should be considered when designing and improving online teaching and learning programs.
Copyright (c) 2023 Oscar Mamani-Chuquimia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The word paradigm has been widely used, especially after its debut by the philosopher Thomas S. Khun in his book "The structure of scientific revolutions published in 1962", in which he mentions that paradigms designate one or more scientific achievements past, achievements that a particular scientific community recognizes for a certain time with a basis for its subsequent practice (Ballina Ríos, 2013). The paradigms are the different theories that are applied in scientific research, that is, they are a mixture of the currents and philosophical orientations of the researcher applied to the needs of the search for truth with veracity in scientific research regardless of the academic level or discipline. The paradigms that are addressed in this document, those that are made for didactic purposes for understanding by the academic community and undergraduate and graduate students, respectively, are: Positivist, Post Positivist, Critical, Socio-Critical, Constructivist, Phenomenological, Ethnomethodological Paradigms, Cognitive, Environmental, Interpretive, Explanatory, Rationalist, Empirical, Logical, Pragmatic, Social History and the Paradigm of Scientific Revolutions. In conclusion, paradigms are a tool that allows the search for truth from various contexts and disciplines.
Copyright (c) 2022 Jonathan Mejía-Rivas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ancestral knowledge from school, medicinal plants for own disharmonies
The present investigation sought to analyze and report the knowledge in attention to spiritual disharmonies with medicinal plants within the framework of the intercultural line, and the type of investigation is qualitative with a participatory action research design, where development in the Educational Institution of the village Andalusia of the municipality of Caldono Cauca, with the participation of the students of the Nasa community in the model of the Own Education System in which the data collection instruments were applied with three vital actors of the process: spiritual knowledge of the indigenous reservation, families and students. From the technique of focus groups, the voice of the spiritual experts is collected in the care of their own inharmonies with the use of medicinal plants, the experience of the garden is developed with the children and conversation with families to guarantee the strengthening of knowledge ancestral in the uses and customs, for this study there is a matrix of analysis of results and conclusion of the knowledge of own disharmonies and their care by the family, as a research product a brochure as an easy reference tool for families in the care for their children from ancestral medicine and guaranteeing the leading role of education in the survival of culture.
Copyright (c) 2022 Jose Rebolledo, Flora Chilo, Juan Castañeda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influence of an environmental management system in the municipal administration
The purpose of the study work was to determine the local environmental management system and its influence on the administration of a provincial municipality in the Puno region, Peru. See used the descriptive and explanatory method; The data collection techniques were: documentary review, survey of officials, interviews. The data processing and contrasting of the hypotheses were fulfilled, in accordance with the proposed objectives; It was found that the Local Environmental Management Instruments of the studied municipality do not contemplate the participation of local actors (public, private and civil society entities) in its formulation, lack of execution and/or implementation, inaction that does not guarantee a safe and comprehensive management of solid waste and domestic wastewater, therefore, the Environmental Management Instruments implemented negatively affected the environmental administration of the local commune under study.
Copyright (c) 2022 Wili Luque, Cesar Gomez, Yudy Benavides https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fluoride removal in drinking water by precipitation-flocculation with aluminum polychloride and lime milk
The study consisted of evaluating the percentage of fluoride removal from drinking water by precipitation and flocculation with aluminum polychloride and lime milk. The research includes the treatment of well water from the highlands which was carried out at the laboratory level in order to remove fluoride from drinking water. According to the monitoring carried out, the water from the Taraco well contains 2.23 mg/L of F and the water from the Juli well contains 2.20 mg/L of F. The results of the fluoride removal process with poly aluminum chloride were 56 %, with a reduction from 2.23 mg/L F to 0.98 mg/L F. During the flocculation process, the pH, time and stirring speed were controlled. The removal of fluoride with milk of lime has been reduced from 2.23 mg/L of F to 1.5 mg/L of F. The experimental tests of precipitation and flocculation were carried out in the quality control laboratory of the Faculty of Chemical Engineering. The equipment used is Test Jar and pH meter. Regarding the statistical method, the 2' factorial design has been used, which has allowed optimization of the parameters of the flocculation process.
Copyright (c) 2022 Ornela Pancca, Gregorio Palomino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Insecticidal effect of eucalyptus and mugwort essential oil against kcona kcona of quinoa cultivation
This research allowed us to evaluate the insecticidal effect of eucalyptus essential oil (Eucalyptus Globulus) and feverfew (Franseria artemisioides) against the kcona kcona (Eurysacca melanocampta) in the cultivation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). In the development of the process for obtaining oil by steam dragging, the optimal parameters measured were extraction time, temperature and pressure. Characterizing essential oils by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, where the main components of eucalyptus were Eucalyptol (59.19%), α-Pinene (20.89%) and D-Limonene (6.29%); and mugwort were 5,5-dimethyl-2-ethyl-1,3-Cyclopentadiene (30.65%), β-Himachalene (14.69%) and α-Caryophyllene (10.27%). The physicochemical characterization of density and refractive index of eucalyptus was 0.912 g/mL and 1.4606 respectively, and of mugwort 0.921 g/mL and 1.4857 respectively, performed at 20°C. Regarding the evaluation of the insecticidal activity of the essential oil of eucalyptus and mugwort in the mortality of the Kcona Kcona; the treatments showed effectiveness in controlling the pest. The analysis of variance for the application of eucalyptus essential oil has as optimal values ​​a time of 24 h with a concentration of 1.00%, and mortality of 46.6667%; for the essential oil of mugwort, the optimal values ​​were a time of 24 h with a concentration of 1.00% and mortality of 43.333%.
Copyright (c) 2022 Grettel Quispe, Gregorio Palomino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teachers' conceptions the path to educational inclusion
This article provides valuable information about the teachers' conceptions, which are considered through a study carried out in an educational institution, whose main objective was to analyze the teachers' conceptions about educational inclusion in their pedagogical practices; To achieve the purpose, a qualitative research was proposed, under the action research methodology, in addition, the techniques used were the interview and the non-participant observation, for the development of the respective analysis, an interview matrix, a field notes matrix and a matrix were used. of triangulation, which allowed relating the study categories. The results are relevant since it allows us to be clear about the great importance of inclusion in schools and that from the classroom teachers can be facilitators of these processes or can become the first obstacle through their beliefs, attitudes and way to deal with diversity.
Copyright (c) 2022 Sergio Antonio Flores Vargas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Intercultural learning in the training process of Venezuelan migrants
Intercultural learning that takes place with migrants in border areas should be understood as a resource and not as an obstacle in schools. In recent years, the flow of migrants has increased, especially from Venezuela, who have the right to education. Therefore, the objective of the investigation is; to analyze how intercultural learning contributes to the training process of Venezuelan migrant students of the Tomas Arturo Sánchez Educational Institution, residents of the Municipality of Ipiales - Nariño. The research was developed with a qualitative approach, with a research-action design, using the interview and participant observation. Three types of intercultural learning were defined, managed by the teachers of the Tomas Arturo Sánchez Educational Institution in the municipality of Ipiales, with Venezuelan migrant students, which are: Learning in everyday work situations, learning in migration processes, and learning and research with proposals or contributions. didactic. It was established that learning in migration processes and learning and research with proposals or didactic contributions, present greater frequency in their use, as greater acceptance by students, with high mastery of the teacher and high coverage with reference to the total of migrants enrolled in the institution. Finally, new intercultural learning is proposed to help contribute to the training process of Venezuelan migrant students.
Copyright (c) 2022 José Mera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The influence of cultural change on communication skills in boys and girls in the first grade of an Educational Institution in the village of Barrancón
This proposal arises from the need to respond to the educational needs of the migrant population, due to the fact that currently the number of Venezuelan students has increased in all educational institutions in the department of Arauca because they are in the border area, for what, the communication between the students has changed the dialect, since words from another culture are used, such as, coleto that means ragpicker, brush that is broom, pen is water hose, joke to name anything, naguara to admire something among other words that have another meaning about understanding reality and that presents a latent difficulty that is there, but that has not been paid attention to, such as the teaching of the curriculum as it was created years ago and that It should not be so due to the growing cultural change of the territory that influences in a certain way the interaction of individuals within the classroom to the community. take place orally and in writing. For its part, in the reading-writing process, one of the most important in the development of communicative skills, continues to teach letters with colloquial vocabulary, ignoring the new dialect introduced by the Venezuelan community to the Llanera region and that on many occasions puts them at a disadvantage. by not knowing the terms used by the llaneros making it difficult to understand the contents, therefore, it is of great importance to know how cultural change intervenes in the development of communication skills.
Copyright (c) 2022 Adriana Malagón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0